If you are an undergraduate and graduate student who received an emergency financial aid grant as a result of experiencing unexpected expenses or unmet financial need as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, you are not taxed on the grant (FAQs at https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/faqs-higher-education-emergency-relief-fund-and-emergency-financial-aid-grants-under-the-cares-act). These grants are treated as qualified disaster relief payments. However, because they are not taxable income, they cannot be the basis on which to take any deduction or credit, such as the tuition and fees deduction, the American opportunity credit, or the lifetime learning credit.
A portion of earnings withheld by an employer or put into a retirement plan for distribution to the employee at a later date. If certain legal requirements are met, the deferred amount is not taxable until actually paid, for example, after retirement.