The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 repealed the shared responsibility payment, which is a penalty for not having minimum essential health coverage (and not being exempt from this requirement). But the repeal doesn’t impact 2018; it only provides relief after 2018.
The difference between amount realized and adjusted basis on the sale or exchange of capital assets. Long-term capital gains are taxed favorably. Capital losses are deducted first against capital gains, and then again up to $3,000 of other income.