If you take a deduction for a bond premium, you must reduce the basis of the bond by this amount. If you sell the bond before maturity, you’ll have a capital gain if the selling price exceeds your bond’s basis. However, if you hold the bond to maturity, then the entire bond premium will have been amortized so that you have neither a gain nor loss on the redemption of the bond.
This is generally adjusted gross income increased by certain items such as tax-free foreign earned income. MAGI usually is used to determine phaseouts of certain deductions and credits.