Because you are not at least 65 years old by the end of the year, you apply the 10% threshold to all of your itemized medical costs (which include costs related to your mother). If she claimed them on her own return, she could apply the 7.5% threshold.
Increase in value of property due to market conditions. When you sell appreciated property, you pay tax on the appreciation since the date of purchase. When you donate appreciated property held long term, you may generally deduct the appreciated value.