In the case of a joint tenancy with someone who is not a spouse and who did not contribute anything, the basis depends on the estate tax value of the property (even if the estate is too small to be required to file an estate tax return). This is usually the value of the account on the date of death. An alternate valuation date of six months later can be used only if the estate files a return and elects this valuation date (which is done if the overall value of assets in the estate declines).
A trust created during the lifetime of the person who created the trust. If irrevocable, income on the trust principal is generally shifted to the trust beneficiaries.