While annual contributions to Roth IRAs can be made up to the due date of the return (e.g., April 15, 2019, for 2018 contributions), a Roth IRA conversion is taxable in the year it is made. So if you want to report the income from the conversion in 2018, the conversion must be completed by December 31, 2018. Keep in mind that you cannot undo a 2018 conversion (as was possible in the past); conversions in 2018 and beyond are permanent.
A fixed deduction allowed to every taxpayer, except those who may be claimed as a dependent by another person. Extra exemption deductions are allowed for a spouse on a joint return and for each qualifying dependent. A deduction of $3,400 is allowed for each exemption claimed on 2007 returns, but the deduction is phased out for certain high income individuals.