It may be possible to claim a dependency exemption for a relative living in Mexico. While the niece cannot be a qualifying child because she does not live with you, the niece may be a qualifying relative. As long as she cannot be claimed as someone else’s dependent, then you can claim a dependency exemption (assuming all other dependency exemption requirements are met).
The difference between amount realized and adjusted basis on the sale or exchange of capital assets. Long-term capital gains are taxed favorably. Capital losses are deducted first against capital gains, and then again up to $3,000 of other income.