The interest rates on overpayments and underpayments are unchanged for the first quarter of 2018, which runs through March 31, 2018 (Rev Rul. 2017-25). The rates are:
The 4% rate is used to figure estimated tax penalties for individuals.
These rates have remained constant since April 1, 2016. However, as the Federal Reserve raises rates, it is expected that IRS interest rates will be increased in the future.
The difference between face value of a bond and lower market price, attributable to rising interest rates. On a sale, gain on the bond is generally taxed as ordinary income to the extent of the discount.